Achyranthes Bidentata

Ingredients
Achyranthes Bidentata contains a variety of chemicals such as triterpenoid saponins, sitosterol (synonymous with ‘beta-sitosterol’- which is actually a super-charged combination of beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and brassicasterol), polysaccharides and alkaloids, rubrosterone, etc.

Research
Effect of alcoholic extract of Achyranthes bidentata Blume on acute and sub-acute inflammation, Indian Journal of Pharmacology 34, 2, 115-118. Vetrichelvan, T and M. Jegadeesan (2000b)
Achyranthes bidentata possesses anti-inflammatory effects in both acute and sub acute inflammation. The alcoholic extract (375 and 500 mg/kg) showed maximum inhibition of oedema by 63.52% and 79.73% at the end of 3 h in acute model of inflammation, respectively.

The research on analgestic and anti-inflammatory action of different processed products of Achyranthes bidentata. Lu T, Mao C, Zhang L, Xu W. Zhong Yao Cai. 1997 Oct;20(10):507-9. [Article in Chinese] Nanjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjin 210029.
Analgestic effect of different processed products of Achyranthes bidentata in mice was observed in hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing test. The experiment results showed that water extract of Achyranthes bidentata and its processed products could inhibit the pain. Effect of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABP) on antitumor activity and immune function of S180-bearing mice. Zhon ghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 1995 Jul;17(4):275-8.
Yu S, Zhang Y. Department of Macrobiology, Shanghai University of TCM.
Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABP), extracted from the root of Achyranthes bidentata Blume, 25-100mg.kg-1.d-1 x 7 could inhibit tumor growth by 31%-40%.

Alisma Plantago

Ingredients
Alisma Plantago contains chemicals such as Alisol A,Alisol B, and Alisol C, aliso A monoacetate, alisol B monoacetate, alisol C monoacetate,Alismol,Epialisol A, 24- acetyl alisol A, 23-acetyl alisol B, 23- acetyl alisol C,Tricosane; Stearic acid; Glyceryl-1-stearate; Daucosterol-6'-O-stearate; Alisol B monoacetate; Emodin; Alisol C monoacetate.

Research
An experimental study of effect of different extracts of Alisma orientalis on urinary calcium oxalate stones formation in rats: Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2003 Nov;28(11):1072-5.Cao ZG, Liu JH, Radman AM, Wu JZ, Ying CP, Zhou SW.Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, Hubei, China.
The ethyl acetate elution of ethyl acetate fraction extract of Alisma orientalis can significantly inhibit urinary calcium oxalate stone formation in rats and be the most effective constituent of Alisma orientalis.

The effects of the active constituents of Alisma orientalis on renal stone formation and bikunin expression in rat urolithiasis model: Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2004 Aug 2;84(15):1276-9.Cao ZG, Liu JH, Zhou SW, Wu W, Yin CP, Wu JZ.Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
The active constituents of Alisma orientalis can down-regulate the bikunin mRNA expression, decrease the calcium oxalate formation in rat kidney, and inhibit the renal stone formation in rat urolithiasis model.

Alisol B acetate, a triterpene from Alismatis rhizoma, induces Bax nuclear translocation and apoptosis in human hormone-resistant prostate c@n$er PC-3 cells. c@n$er Lett. 2006 Jan 18;231(2):270-8.Huang YT, Huang DM, Chueh SC, Teng CM, Guh JH.Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-AiRoad, Sect. 1, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
The anti-tumor potential of components from Chinese herbal medicines has been greatly concerned. Alisol B acetate, a triterpene from Alismatis rhizoma, induced apoptotic cell death in human hormone-resistant prostate c@n$er PC-3 cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner.


He Shou Wu

Ingredients
The herb contains nine compounds including emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, 6-OH-emodin, emodin-8-_-d-glucoside, polygonimitin B, 2,3,5,4_-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-_-d-glucoside, gallic acid and lecithin. The herb contains several derivatives of tetrahydroxystilbene that are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds investigated for their effects on neurons. The red wine component resveratrol is a similar compound; it is a trihydroxystilbene. An abundant natural source of resveratrol, fo-ti or he-shou-wu is grown commercially in China for production of resveratrol in dietary supplements.

Resveratrol is a polyphenol found in such foods as peanuts, grapes (and consequently, wine), and mulberries. Resveratrol acts as a potent estrogen antagonist (while also acting as an agonist in some tissues, similar to the drugs clomiphene and tamoxifen). Resveratrol is the potent anti-aging compound found in red wine and tha thas been found to cut a man's risk of prostate c@n$er in half! Not only that but the protective effect appears to be strongest against the most aggressive forms of the disease, according to a new study led by investigators at Fred Hutchinson c@n$er Research Center. The findings, by Janet L. Stanford, Ph.D., and colleagues in Fred Hutchinson's Public Health Sciences Division, appear online in The International Journal of c@n$er.

-As an antioxidant, it helps sweep dangerous, c@n$er-causing free radicals from the body.

-The compound also reduces cell proliferation, curtailing the number of cell divisions that could lead to c@n$er or the continued growth of c@n$er cells.

-It also enhances apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which helps rid the body of c@n$erous cells.

-It may act as an estrogen, reducing levels of circulating male hormones such as DHT that fuel the growth of prostate c@n$er.

Studies with resveratrol indicate that this polyphenol inhibits the activity of aromatase in breast c@n$er cells, a particularly important fact considering aromatase is expressed at a higher level in breast c@n$er tissue than in surrounding healthy tissue. In fact, resveratrol inhibits the conversion of estrogen and decreases the synthesis of the aromatase enzyme, thus indicating that it may support the health of individuals concerned about breast c@n$er.
Sarkar FH, Li Y. Indole-3-carbinol and prostate c@n$er. J Nutr. 2004 Dec;134(12 Suppl):3493S-3498S.

Research indicates that resveratrol also is effective at preventing several stages of carcinogenesis. It decreases tumor initiation, promotion, and progression, and induces apoptosis in many types of c@n$er cells.Eng ET, Williams D, Mandava U, Kirma N, Tekmal RR, Chen S. Anti-aromatase chemicals in red wine. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Jun;963:239-46.Research

Resveratrol Suppresses Prostate c@n$er Progression in Transgenic Mice
Curt E. Harper1, Brijesh B. Patel1, Jun Wang1, Alireza Arabshahi1, Isam A. Eltoum2,3 and Coral A. Lamartiniere1,2,*
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,Alabama
2 UAB Comprehensive c@n$er Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
3 Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
To whom requests for reprints should be addressed: Dr. Coral A. Lamartiniere, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1670 University Blvd., Volker Hall 124, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019. Email: Coral@uab.edu.
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic phytochemical, has been reported to act as an antioxidant and provide anti-c@n$er activities. We hypothesized that resveratrol would exert a chemopreventive effect against prostate c@n$er via regulation of sex steroid receptor and growth factor signaling pathways. In the current study, Transgenic Adenocarcinoma Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) males were fed resveratrol (625 mg resveratrol/kg AIN-76A diet) or phytoestrogen-free, control diet (AIN-76A) starting at five weeks of age. Mechanisms of action and histopathology studies were conducted at 12 and 28 weeks of age, respectively. Resveratrol in the diet significantly reduced the incidence of poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma by 7.7-fold. In the dorsolateral prostate (DLP), resveratrol significantly inhibited cell proliferation, increased androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor-ß (ER-ß), and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and significantly decreased IGF-1, and phospho-extracellular regulating kinase 1 (phospho-ERK 1). In the ventral prostate (VP), resveratrol significantly reduced cell proliferation and phospho-ERKs 1 and 2, but did not significantly alter IGF-1R and IGF-1. Serum total testosterone, free testosterone, estradiol, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations and SV-40 Tag expression in the prostate were not altered in resveratrol-treated mice. Total resveratrol concentration in the blood serum of 12 week old mice treated for three weeks with 625 mg resveratrol/kg diet was 52 ± 18 nM. The decrease in cell proliferation and the potent growth factor, IGF-1, the down-regulation of downstream effectors, phospho-ERKs 1 and 2, and the increase in the putative tumor suppressor, ER-ß, provide a biochemical basis for resveratrol suppressing prostate c@n$er development.
Received October 25, 2006; revised June 11, 2007; accepted June 11, 2007.

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